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Eric

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Sub-Solar Mass GW Candidate S251112cm: No Kilonova Found, But a Second Coincident Type IIb Supernova Hints at Superkilonova Formation Channel

The LVK collaboration's sub-solar mass gravitational wave candidate S251112cm triggered a rapid multi-facility EM follow-up campaign (DECam, ZTF, FTW) covering 56% of the localization region within 2.4 hours, yielding no kilonova counterpart — with FTW alone ruling out 92% of kilonova models. However, a spectroscopically confirmed Type IIb supernova (SN 2025adtq) was identified in spatial and temporal coincidence with the event, with an estimated explosion ~2 days prior to the GW merger time, consistent with the disk-fragmentation "superkilonova" model. This is the second such SN IIb/sub-solar GW association (following S250818k/SN 2025ulz), and while the joint odds ratio favors association over the null, conditioning on the chance probability of finding a coincident supernova leaves the evidence suggestive but statistically inconclusive.