absorb.md

Yasunobu Nakamura

Chronological feed of everything captured from Yasunobu Nakamura.

Passive Lambda System Enables Deterministic Photon-Photon √SWAP Gate

Proposes a theoretical scheme for a deterministic photon-photon √SWAP gate using a three-level lambda system in reflection geometry with single photons. The lambda system acts as a passive temporary memory for photonic qubits, requiring no preparation of its initial state or auxiliary control fields during gate operations. This approach supports scalable quantum computation by enabling deterministic entangling gates without active manipulation.

1/f Flux Noise Causes Gaussian Dephasing in Josephson Flux Qubits, Quantified at 10^{-6} Φ_0^2/Hz

Measurements of decoherence in Josephson-junction flux qubits at varying bias conditions isolate 1/f flux noise as a primary dephasing source, evidenced by Gaussian decay of echo signals. The 1/f flux noise spectral density is (10^{-6} Φ_0)^2/Hz at 1 Hz. At optimal bias, where noise sources are decoupled, coherence is limited by qubit energy relaxation.

Flux Qubit Pair Tunably Coupled via High-Frequency Qubit Inductance at Optimal Points

Proposes a design coupling two flux qubits using the quantum inductance of a third high-frequency qubit, enabling a microwave-induced parametric coupling scheme. Qubits operate continuously at their optimal symmetry points for maximal coherence. The coupling exhibits its own optimal point insensitive to low-frequency flux noise, facilitating robust two-qubit gates extensible to multiqubit systems.

Spin-Echo Technique Reveals 1/f Charge Noise as Dominant Dephasing Mechanism in Charge-Based Cooper-Pair Box

Researchers apply a spin-echo-type pulse sequence using gate-voltage pulses to a charge-based two-level system in a Cooper-pair box, enabling refocused echo signals that mitigate inhomogeneity in ensemble measurements. The observed echo decay time aligns with estimated decoherence times, indicating low-frequency 1/f charge noise as the primary dephasing source. This demonstrates coherent control techniques for superconducting charge qubits despite dominant charge noise.

First Demonstration of Coherent Control in a Solid-State Single-Cooper-Pair Qubit

Researchers demonstrated coherent quantum-state evolution in a single-Cooper-pair box, a macroscopic superconducting two-level system where charge states differing by 2e are coupled via Cooper-pair tunneling. A short voltage pulse nonadiabatically tunes the energy levels to control superposition dynamics, with the resulting state read out via tunneling current through a probe junction. This achieves coherent operation and measurement of a solid-state qubit candidate.

Multi-Directional FIB Etching Enables Nanoscale High-Quality Nb Josephson Junctions for SETs

Researchers developed a focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching process from multiple directions to fabricate nanoscale Nb/(Al-)Al2O3/Nb tunnel junctions. Applied to a single-electron transistor (SET), the device exhibited superconducting gap energy and transition temperature matching bulk Nb values, confirming junction quality. The SET's single-electron charging energy exceeds 1 K, with characterization spanning 0.04-40 K.

Single-Mode Focusing SAW Resonators on Thin-Film LiNbO3 Suppress Transverse Modes for Quantum Applications

Researchers developed focusing surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonators on thin-film lithium niobate on sapphire, using films thinner than the SAW wavelength to confine modes to the surface. Contoured electrodes shaped as 2D Gaussian beams achieve near-diffraction-limited focusing, verified by optical imaging. Apodization of interdigitated transducer electrodes suppresses higher-order transverse modes, enabling single-mode operation critical for hybrid quantum systems.

Temporal Mode Engineering Enables High-Efficiency, Mode-Selective Microwave Photon Absorption for Quantum Networks

Researchers demonstrate generation of single microwave photons in four orthogonal temporal modes using photon-shaping with a fixed-frequency transmon qubit in a waveguide. They achieve mode-selective absorption via time-reversed emission, with efficiencies exceeding 0.89 for matched modes and below 0.13 for orthogonal modes. Rejected photons maintain orthogonality, supporting cascaded selective absorption in multi-node quantum networks and enabling higher-dimensional encoding for enhanced capacity.

Axion Candidate at 1.036 GHz Disconfirmed in Extended Haloscope Search with Improved Limits

Extended haloscope search recovered prior HEMT dataset, identifying an excess near 1.036 GHz that met candidate criteria but failed validation via independent cross-checks and re-examination. Search expanded over 20-MHz band (1.026-1.045 GHz) using quantum-noise-limited amplifier, achieving sensitivity near DFSZ benchmark. No axion signal confirmed; sets new 90% CL upper limits on axion-photon coupling. Emphasizes robust validation as sensitivity nears discovery thresholds.

Broadband Resonators Enable Deterministic Quantum Communication Between Fixed-Frequency Superconducting Qubits

Researchers demonstrate deterministic quantum state transfer and remote entanglement between fixed-frequency superconducting qubits on separate chips using itinerant microwave photons. A frequency-tunable photon-generation technique compensates for sender-receiver mismatches without tunable circuit elements, paired with broadband transfer resonators of two coupled coplanar-waveguide resonators providing over 100 MHz bandwidth. This achieves state transfer fidelities around 79% and Bell-state fidelities around 73% across a 30-MHz photon frequency range, avoiding control complexity for scalable quantum networks.

Cavity Axion Haloscope Repurposed to Set Leading Constraints on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Superradiance

Reanalysis of CAPP-12T MC axion haloscope data at 5.311 GHz detects no monochromatic high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGW), yielding 90% CL strain exclusion limits of h_0 ≈ 3.9 × 10^{-21} in optimal sky regions. In the black hole superradiance axion cloud model, this excludes M_BH ≃ 1.22 × 10^{-6} M_⊙ black holes within ~10^{-2} AU of Earth under benchmark assumptions. Electromagnetic resonant cavities emerge as viable, sensitive detectors for both persistent and transient HFGW signals.

All-Microwave High-Fidelity CZ Gate with Partial Erasure Error Detection via Transmon Coupler

Researchers demonstrate an all-microwave CZ gate using a fixed-frequency transmon coupler and multi-path coupling to minimize residual ZZ interactions between data transmons while boosting data-coupler coupling for faster gate times. The gate induces state-dependent geometric phases by driving at the midpoint of dispersively shifted resonances in the |gf⟩–|eg⟩ transition. Post-gate coupler state measurement detects a subset of decoherence errors as erasures, supporting erasure-aware quantum error correction.

Frequency-Bin Dual-Rail Encoding Enables Scalable Microwave Photonic Cluster States with Loss-Resilient Entanglement

Researchers demonstrate generation of frequency-bin-encoded dual-rail cluster states using a superconducting circuit with a fixed-frequency transmon qubit, resonator, and Purcell filter via time-frequency multiplexing of microwave photons. The dual-rail encoding supports erasure detection via photon occupancy, yielding state fidelities over 50% for up to four logical qubits pre-correction and eight post-erasure error discarding. Localizable entanglement persists across chains of seven qubits initially and eleven after correction, outperforming single-rail schemes in photon loss robustness and paving the way for scalable microwave photonic quantum processing.

8-Cell Cavity Haloscope Sets Toughest KSVZ Axion Limits at 5.9 GHz

An 8-cell microwave resonator haloscope searched for KSVZ axion dark matter near 5.9 GHz, extending frequency range multifold over single-cell designs while preserving detection volume. Sensitivity was boosted by a quantum-limited flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier and sideband-summing technique. No excess signal detected in 5.83-5.94 GHz, excluding axion-photon couplings down to 1.2e-14 GeV^-1 at 90% CL, approaching KSVZ benchmark.

Superconducting Processor Reveals Deep Thermalization via Projected Ensembles in 16-Qubit Chaotic System

Researchers demonstrate projected ensembles on a 16-qubit superconducting quantum processor to probe chaotic many-body dynamics, observing Haar-distributed steady states in a charge-conserved sector as direct evidence of deep thermalization. They introduce ensemble-averaged entropy as a metric to quantify information leakage to the environment. This approach advances quantum simulation by providing a general framework beyond traditional density matrix measures like expectation values or entanglement.

TM020 Cavity Mode Achieves 1.7x KSVZ Axion Sensitivity at 21 μeV

Researchers utilized the TM020 mode in a cylindrical cavity haloscope with an innovative tuning mechanism to search for axion dark matter at masses around 21 μeV, extending beyond the conventional <10 μeV range. This approach delivered sensitivity 1.7 times better than the KSVZ benchmark across a 100 MHz bandwidth. The results mark a methodological advance for higher-mass axion searches, addressing theoretical predictions favoring masses above prior experimental limits.

Flux-Trapping Fluxonium Qubit Enables Optimal Biasing Without External Flux Lines

Fluxonium qubits offer large anharmonicity and high coherence at their sweet spot but require precise DC magnetic flux bias, complicating large-scale integration due to wiring overhead, crosstalk, heating, and decoherence. The proposed flux-trapping fluxonium qubit leverages fluxoid quantization to achieve optimal phase biasing internally at operating temperature, eliminating the need for external flux control lines. The design's working principle is introduced, with experimental demonstration of phase biasing via fluxoid quantization.

Three-Stage Impedance Transformer Enables High-Impedance NbTiN Kinetic-Inductance Parametric Amplifiers with 450 MHz Bandwidth

Researchers introduce a three-stage impedance-transformer scheme using high-kinetic-inductance NbTiN films to achieve nonlinear resonator impedances up to tens of ohms, overcoming the sub-10 Ω limit of prior designs. This enables kinetic-inductance parametric amplifiers (KIMPA) with 17 dB gain over 450 MHz bandwidth at 8.4 GHz, quantum-limited noise of 0.5-1.3 quanta, and saturation power of -68 dBm—30 dB higher than JJ-based amplifiers. The approach simplifies fabrication, supports higher temperatures/magnetic fields, and extends to other three-wave-mixing devices.

Resonator-Free Non-Demolition Readout and High-Fidelity Reset in Fluxonium Qubits via Dissipation Engineering

Researchers demonstrate non-demolition fluorescence readout and high-fidelity unconditional reset for fluxonium qubits using dissipation engineering, bypassing dispersive resonator interactions. A planar filter protects the qubit from energy relaxation while enhancing readout transition decay. Strategic selection of the readout transition boosts quantum non-demolition fidelity, enabling fast all-microwave reset without resonators.

On-Demand Microwave Time-Bin Qubits via Superconducting cQED with Single-Detector Wigner Tomography

Researchers demonstrate on-demand generation of microwave time-bin qubits using superconducting circuit QED, enabling scalable encoding in temporal modes for quantum networks. Wigner tomography is performed with a single heterodyne detector by dynamically adjusting measurement quadratures via a phase-sensitive amplifier for each time bin. Phase information is preserved without shared phase reference between generation and measurement hardware, confirming qubit robustness.

Superconducting Qubit Detects Single Magnon via Entanglement with 71% Efficiency

Researchers demonstrate single-shot detection of a single magnon in a millimeter-sized ferromagnetic crystal using a superconducting qubit as a quantum sensor. Detection relies on entanglement between a magnetostatic mode and the qubit, followed by qubit state measurement, achieving quantum efficiency up to 0.71. This establishes a magnonic analog to single-photon detectors, advancing quantum magnonics for magnetism studies and quantum technologies.

Josephson Quantum Filter Shields Superconducting Qubits from Radiative Decay via Subradiance

Superconducting qubits suffer radiative decay through control lines, limiting coherence. The Josephson quantum filter (JQF) uses a strongly coupled auxiliary qubit to induce subradiance, suppressing data qubit decay into the line. This passive element maintains fast gate speeds and supports scalable integration in waveguide QED architectures.

Heterodyne Imaging Reveals Band Structures of Damon-Eshbach Modes in 1D Magnonic Crystals

Researchers demonstrate real-space imaging of optical heterodyne signals from Brillouin light scattering by coherently driven magnons in magnetostatic modes. This technique characterizes surface Damon-Eshbach modes in a 1D magnonic crystal formed by aluminum strips on a ferromagnetic film, with band structures deduced from Fourier transforms of the images. The method offers a simple approach to probe magnons in structured films, enabling studies of Anderson localization and topological magnon transport.

SVQS Enables Efficient Hamiltonian Dynamics Simulation on NISQ Devices via Low-Lying Subspaces

SVQS leverages SSVQE to identify low-lying eigensubspaces of static Hamiltonians, then simulates dynamics within those subspaces on NISQ hardware with reduced overhead versus prior methods. Experimental validation on H2 demonstrates time-evolution operators with subspace process fidelities of 0.88-0.98. This approach bypasses full error correction, targeting chemistry and materials science applications.

Translational Deformations of Periodic Potentials Generate Topological Boundary Modes

Continuous translational deformations of periodic potentials produce localized boundary states, distinct from defect perturbations or terminations. A rigorous theoretical proof establishes their emergence, with experimental validation in microwave photonic crystals. The mechanism manifests topological phase windings in reflected waves from translated crystals.

Magnonics Enables Hybrid Quantum Systems Integrating Spin Waves with Photons, Phonons, and Qubits

Hybrid quantum systems leverage collective spin excitations (magnons) in ferromagnetic materials, with microwave cavity modes serving as the foundational interface for coherent interactions. Magnons extend to couplings with optical photons (cavity optomagnonics), phonons (cavity magnomechanics), and superconducting qubits (quantum magnonics). These platforms support quantum optics in solid-state magnetic systems and enable quantum information processing and sensing.

Variational Optimization Enables High-Fidelity Multi-Qubit Gates from Imperfect Cross-Resonance Primitives

VQGO constructs target multi-qubit gates by variationally optimizing parameterized circuits of high-fidelity single-qubit gates and fixed, low-controllability multi-qubit gates like cross-resonance. Numerical simulations demonstrate high-fidelity CNOT gates using cross-resonance gates with finite crosstalk in superconducting qubit models. The method also enables fast, high-fidelity four-qubit syndrome extraction via simultaneous cross-resonance drives despite non-commutative crosstalk, offering a scalable path for quantum gate design.

Microwave Resonant Magnetic Induction Tomography Images Spin-Wave Modes in Millimeter Ferromagnetic Spheres

Researchers demonstrate structural imaging of magnetostatic spin-wave modes in millimeter-sized ferromagnetic spheres using resonant magnetic induction tomography at microwave frequencies. This technique identifies non-trivial modes by resolving their azimuthal and polar dependencies, filling a gap for bulk solids of revolution lacking prior imaging methods. It enables fundamental magnonic studies and hybrid systems beyond uniform precession.

Artificial Microwave Radiation Pressure Achieves Single-Photon Quantum Regime on SAW Resonator

Researchers demonstrate synthetic radiation pressure from microwave photons on phonons in a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator using a superconducting Josephson-junction circuit's strong second-order nonlinearity. This enhances interaction strength by an order of magnitude, enabling the single-photon quantum regime where a single off-resonant photon significantly alters the mechanical quantum state. The approach advances cavity optomechanics and supports quantum interfaces between electromagnetic and mechanical systems.

Deterministic On-Demand Release of Kerr-Nonlinear Parametric Oscillator Cat States into Traveling Fields

Researchers propose generating intracavity Schrödinger cat states deterministically in a Kerr-nonlinear parametric oscillator (KPO) via quantum adiabatic evolution, then releasing them on-demand into traveling fields by dynamically controlling the parametric pump amplitude. The method enables high-fidelity traveling cat states, with quality enhanced using shortcut-to-adiabaticity techniques to mitigate non-adiabatic errors. This advances scalable quantum optics by providing controllable macroscopic quantum superpositions in free-space modes.

Gebhard-Ruckenstein Hopping Enables Chiral Microwave Propagation in Superconducting Circulators

Gebhard-Ruckenstein hopping between microwave resonators in a superconducting device produces linear energy dispersion, enabling chiral microwave propagation. This mechanism supports nonreciprocal microwave transmission, allowing the device to function as an on-chip circulator. Attaching transmission lines extends its operational bandwidth significantly.

Circuit QED Probes Ordered Vortex Lattices in Frustrated Josephson Junction Arrays at Rational Flux Fillings

Researchers replace the single Josephson junction in a transmon qubit with a full Josephson junction array coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity, enabling dispersive readout of the array's resonance frequency shift at 10 mK using single-photon-level coherent states to minimize heating. The array maps to a frustrated XY model under external magnetic fields, exhibiting vortex dynamics including Mott insulator and BKT transitions. They observe signatures of ordered vortex lattices specifically at rational flux fillings per plaquette.

Qubit-Mediated Upconversion Enables Quantum-Limited SAW Fluctuation Detection

A hybrid quantum system integrates a SAW resonator, microwave resonator, and superconducting qubit to achieve ultra-sensitive measurement of SAW fluctuations. The driven qubit's nonlinearity induces parametric coupling that up-converts SAW excitations to the microwave domain. This enables noise spectroscopy revealing thermal fluctuations in the SAW resonator approaching the quantum limit.

Superconducting Qubit Demonstrates Maxwell's Demon for Quantum Information-to-Work Conversion

Researchers implemented Maxwell's demon on a superconducting qubit using circuit-QED techniques, featuring quantum nondemolition projective measurements and coherent feedback control. They verified generalized integral fluctuation theorems and achieved conversion of measurement information into work amid quantum fluctuations. This establishes superconducting circuits as a platform for quantum information thermodynamics, with ties to quantum error correction.

Dissipative Quantum Bifurcation Machines Generate Boltzmann Distributions for Optimization and Sampling

Numerical analysis of driven nonlinear oscillator networks with dissipation reveals a Boltzmann-like output probability distribution, where the energy corresponds to the combinatorial optimization cost function. This generalizes quantum heating from single to coupled oscillators, explaining the thermal-like behavior. The approach enables hardware implementations for Boltzmann sampling, applicable to AI tasks like Boltzmann machine learning.

High-Stress Silicon Nitride Enables Optical Up-Conversion of RF NMR Signals

Researchers demonstrate electro-mechano-optical detection of NMR by up-converting radio-frequency signals to the optical regime via a high-stress silicon nitride membrane. The membrane couples the electrical NMR detection circuit to an optical cavity through electro-mechanical and opto-mechanical interactions, preserving traditional nuclear induction versatility. Signal-to-noise ratio can surpass conventional electrical methods by enhancing electro-mechanical coupling, despite current limits from Brownian and technical noise. This approach enables mechanical parametric amplification and potential integration with laser cooling of nuclear spins.

Piezoelectric SAW Enables Polarization-Dependent Optomechanical Coupling with 2D Focusing Enhancement

Develops an electro-optomechanical system using surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectric materials with high optoelastic susceptibility for coupling radio waves and optical light to SAW. Exploits tensorial optoelastic effect for polarization-dependent photon-SAW interaction, proposes 2D SAW focusing circuits and optical cavities to boost coupling. Estimates single-photon optomechanical coupling rate g0, identifying paths for strength improvement.

Quasiparticle Pumping Achieves 70% Density Reduction and 3x Qubit Relaxation Time Improvement

Researchers demonstrate a stochastic error suppression method using control pulses to dynamically shape the noise environment in superconducting qubits by pumping out quasiparticles. This approach reduces unpaired electron density near the device by 70%, yielding a threefold increase in qubit relaxation times (T1) and reduced coherence variability. Unlike dynamical decoupling, it targets irreversible relaxation processes rather than reversible dephasing.

Resolving Single Magnon States via Qubit Spectroscopy in Hybrid Quantum Magnonics

Researchers demonstrate resolution of individual magnon number states in a millimeter-sized ferromagnet coupled to a transmon qubit in the strong dispersive regime. Spectroscopic measurements enable detection of a single spin flip among over 10^19 spins through changes in the ferromagnet's magnetic dipole. This hybrid system opens pathways for encoding qubits into non-classical magnon states, interfacing superconducting processors with optical photons.

Hysteretic Flux Response in Flux-Driven JPAs Modeled by Finite β_L SQUID Potential

Measurements on five flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) reveal hysteretic resonant frequency dependence on applied magnetic flux in three devices, modeled via numerical simulations of the 2D dc-SQUID potential landscape for finite screening parameter β_L > 0. The model achieves excellent agreement with experimental data. Nondegenerate gain responses across JPAs are accurately described by the same theoretical framework.

Superconducting Circuit Exhibits Equilibrium Super-Radiant Phase Transition in Infinite Atom Limit

Researchers propose a superconducting circuit that undergoes a super-radiant phase transition (SRPT) in thermal equilibrium. Analytically confirmed for infinite artificial atoms, with numerical diagonalization showing asymptotic convergence for finite atom numbers. Classical analysis provides intuitive interpretation of the quantum effect.

Virtual Photon-Mediated Strong Coupling Between Multiple Mechanical Modes in Quantum Electromechanics

Researchers developed a multimode electromechanical system coupling several membrane vibrational modes to a 3D loop-gap superconducting microwave cavity via a narrow-gap capacitor. Tight electric field confinement enables quantum strong coupling under red-sideband pumping. Two-tone parametric drives induce strong coupling between two mechanical modes mediated by a virtual cavity photon, enabling tunable inter-mode coupling for mechanical entanglement generation.

Impedance-Matched Artificial Λ System Enables 66% Efficient Single Microwave Photon Detection

Researchers demonstrate single microwave photon detection using an impedance-matched artificial Λ-type three-level system formed by dressed states of a driven superconducting qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. The detector achieves 0.66 ± 0.06 detection efficiency for photons propagating through a waveguide, with a reset time of ~400 ns. This advances microwave quantum optics by overcoming the challenge of low-energy microwave quanta, enabling applications in quantum sensing, communication, and information processing.

Ferromagnetic Magnon Hybridization Enables Bidirectional Coherent Microwave-to-Optical Photon Conversion

Researchers demonstrate bidirectional coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons using hybridized modes of a microwave cavity and ferromagnetic Kittel magnon mode. Microwave photons couple to the hybrid via the cavity, while optical fields interface through Faraday and inverse Faraday effects on the Kittel mode. This enables quantum-noise-limited amplification and supports long-distance quantum communication, with theoretical and experimental efficiency analysis provided.

Dressed-State Λ System Enables 90% Efficient, Continuous Microwave Photon Detection

Proposes a circuit QED device where a superconducting qubit couples dispersively to two resonators: one forms an impedance-matched Λ system for deterministic capture of incoming itinerant microwave photons, the other enables continuous monitoring. Achieves 0.9 detection efficiency with ~10 MHz bandwidth using realistic parameters. Advances continuous, non-demolition detection in quantum optics.

Strong Coupling Achieved Between Single Magnon, Microwave Cavity, and Superconducting Qubit

Microwave quantum optics techniques enable strong coupling between a single magnon in a ferromagnetic insulator sphere and a microwave cavity mode. A superconducting qubit is integrated into the cavity, mediating coupling to the magnon via virtual photons, resulting in observable magnon-vacuum-induced Rabi splitting. This hybrid system supports generation and characterization of non-classical magnon quantum states.

Impedance-Matched Λ System Enables Deterministic Microwave Single-Photon Detection

Driving a qubit-resonator in the strong dispersive regime creates an impedance-matched Λ system in dressed states, where a resonant single microwave photon triggers a deterministic Raman transition exciting the qubit. Detection combines this with fast dispersive qubit readout, achieving near-unity efficiency without precise pulse shaping under conservative parameters. The system supports rapid reset via microwave pulses for short dead times and high repetition rates.

Strong Coherent Coupling Achieved Between Single Ferromagnetic Magnon and Superconducting Qubit

Researchers demonstrate coherent coupling between a magnon in a millimeter-sized ferromagnetic sphere and a superconducting qubit, mediated by virtual photons in a microwave cavity. The coupling strength exceeds damping rates, achieving the strong coupling regime essential for quantum coherence. A parametric microwave drive enables tunable magnon-qubit interaction, advancing quantum control in magnonic systems.

Quantum-Limit Strong Coupling of Ferromagnetic Magnons and Microwave Photons

Researchers achieve strong coupling between the Kittel magnon mode in a yttrium iron garnet sphere and a microwave cavity, evidenced by large normal-mode splitting. This coupling occurs in the quantum regime with average thermal or external excitations below one magnon/photon. Coupling strength scales with the square root of spin number; Kittel-mode linewidth shows nonmonotonic temperature dependence below 1 K due to two-level system dissipation.

Strong Driving Reveals Flux Qubit High-Frequency Noise Spectrum Matching 1/f Extrapolation

Researchers measured high-frequency flux noise in a superconducting flux qubit by analyzing Rabi oscillation decay under strong microwave driving up to 1.7 GHz, enabled by the qubit's large anharmonicity and inductive coupling. This regime exceeds the rotating-wave approximation validity, given the 4.8 GHz level splitting. The flux noise spectral density decreases with frequency up to 300 MHz, closely aligning with 1/f extrapolation from free-induction-decay data; surface electron spins are proposed as a potential source.

Older entries →